Wednesday, April 18, 2018

The uses of verb3 (v3) Part 2 of 2


Section 8: v3-deshou
Deshou means “I think” or “I suppose.” Therefore v3-desho means “I think he or she does or will do something.” or “I think something will happen”

Haru wa mou sugu kuru deshou.                        I think that spring will come soon.
Kyou wa yuki ga furu deshou.                             I think it will snow today.
Jaiantsu ga katsu deshou.                                    I hope that the Giants will win the game.
Kanojo wa yorokobu deshou.                              I think she will be glad.
Okaasan ga shinpai suru deshou.                       I am afraid that your mother will be worried.
Chichi wa sono shirase ni odoroku deshou.       I think my father will be surprised with the news.
Juu ji no ressha ni kitto ma ni au deshou.         I am sure that we will be in time for the 10:00 train.

Noun-deshou, adjectives-deshou
Deshou, can also be attached to nouns and adjectives.
                  N deshou
                  Adj i deshou
                  Adj na deshou

Tanaka san ga tsugi no shachou deshou.            I think Mr Tanaka will be the next company president.
Sore wa tabun machigai deshou.                           I am afraid that it is probably a mistake.
Chikatetsu no hou ga basu yori hayai deshou. I think the subway is faster than the bus.
Shinkansen ga ichiban benri deshou.                   I think the shinkansen is the most convenient.

Section 9: v3-koto ga deki masu
Koto is a general term meaning a thing, a matter, an affair, a fact, an incident, a set of circumstances, etc. Deki masu (root form: dekiru) means “to be able to do” Therefore v3 koto ga deki masu is, as a whole, equivalent to “can + verb” in English. Refer to Chapter Potential mode which has the same function.

Watashi wa nihongo o hanasu koto ga                I can speak Japanese.
deki masu.
Watashi wa kanji o yomu koto ga deki masu.   I can read kanji.
Anata wa jibun no namae o katakana de            Can you write your name in katakana?
kaku koto ga deki masu ka.
Uchi kara Fuji san o miru koto ga deki masu.    We can see Mt Fuji from our house.
Watashi wa jidousha o unten suru koto ga        I cannot drive a car.
dekimasen.

Section 10: v3-koto ga ari masu
Koto, as described in the previous section, means a matter, a fact, or a set of circumstances. Arimasu means “there is”. Therefore, v3-koto ga arimasu means “there are situations in which he or she does something,” or “there are situations when something happens”.

Kare wa gakkou ni chikoku suru koto ga             He sometimes comes late for school.
arimasu.
Watashi wa tamani eiga o miru koto ga              I watch movies once in a while.
arimasu.
Kono tokei wa tomaru koto ga arimasu.             This clock sometimes stops.
Toukyou de michi ni mayou koto ga                     I sometimes get lost in Tokyo.
arimasu.
Toukyou de wa shigatsu ni yuki no furu              In Tokyo it sometimes snows in April.
koto ga arimasu.
Itou san ni au koto ga arimasu ka.                         Do you occasionally meet Mr Ito.

Section 11: v3-koto ni shi mashita
Koto means, as described in Section 9, a thing, a matter or a fact. Shimashita is the past tense of shimasu (root form: suru meaning “to do” or “to make”). Therefore v3 koto ni shi mashita means “I have made up my mind to do something” or “I have decided to do something.”

Nihon e iku koto ni shimashita.                             I have decided to go to Japan.
Toukyou ni sumu koto ni shimashita. I have decided to live in Tokyo.
Tabako o yameru koto ni shimashita.                  I have decided to quit smoking.
Shinsha o kau koto ni shimashita.                         I have decided to buy a new car.
Isshuu kan kyuuka o toru koto ni shimashita.   I have decided to take a vacation for a week.
Getsuyou kara kinyou made nihongo o               I have decided to take Japanese lessons Monday through Friday.
narau koto ni shimashita.                                       
Kanojo o wasureru koto ni shimashita.               I have decided to forget about her.

Section 12: v3-koto ni nari mashita
Koto, as described in Section 9, means a thing, a matter or a set of circumstances. Narimashita is the past tense of narimasu, and its root form, naru, means “to become.” Therefore v3-koto ni Narimashita means “things have become so that he or she does something,” or “circumstances have turned out to be as such that he or she does something.”

Satou san wa kaisha o yameru koto ni                 As it turns out, Mr Sato is going to quit the company.
narimashita.
Tsugi no kaigi wa kyouto de hiraku ni                  The result is that we will hold the next meeting in Kyoto.
narimashita.
Shin seihin wa go gatsu tou ka ni happyou        It has been decided that we will announce the new product on May 10.
suru koto ni narimashita.
Haha wa asu nyuuin suru koto ni                           It has been decided that my mother will enter the hospital tomorrow.
narimashita.
Tanaka san wa Oosaka shiten ni tenkin              It has been decided that Mr Tanaka will be transferred to the
suru koto ni narimashita.                                         Osaka branch.

Section 13: v3-kamo shiremasen
Kamo, means “whether or not,” and shiremasen is the negative form of shiremasu, whose root form shireru means “to become known.” Therefore kamo shiremasen means “whether or not is not known,” and it is, as a whole, equivalent to the English word “may.”

Kare wa kuru kamo shiremasen.                           He may come.
Kanojo wa ie ni iru kamo shiremasen.                 She may be home.
Ame ga furu kamo shiremasen.                             It may rain.
Kare wa sou iu kamo shiremasen.                         He may say so.
Kono kikai wa yoku ureru kamo shiremasen.    This machine may sell well.

(Noun), (Adjective)-kamo-shiremasen
The kamo shiremasen structure can also be attached to nouns and adjectives with the forms shown below.
                  Noun-kamo shiremasen
                  Adj-i-kamo shiremasen
                  Adj-na-kamo shiremasen

Inshu ga genin kamo shiremasen.                         Drinking may be the cause.
Sore ga seikai kamo shiremasen.                          That might be the right answer.
Asu wa samui kamo shiremasen.                          It may be cold tomorrow.
Sono shousetsu wa omoshiroi kamo                    The novel may be interesting.
shiremasen.
Kanojo wa ongaku ga suki kamo shiremasen.   She may be fond of music.
Sono shigoto wa raku kamo shiremasen.           The job may be easy.

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