Section 8: v3-deshou
Deshou means “I
think” or “I suppose.” Therefore v3-desho
means “I think he or she does or will do something.” or “I think something
will happen”
Haru wa mou
sugu kuru deshou. I think that spring will come soon.
Kyou wa yuki
ga furu deshou. I think it will snow today.
Jaiantsu ga
katsu deshou. I hope that the Giants will win the game.
Kanojo wa
yorokobu deshou. I think she will be glad.
Okaasan ga
shinpai suru deshou. I am afraid that your
mother will be worried.
Chichi wa
sono shirase ni odoroku deshou. I think my father will be surprised with the
news.
Juu ji no
ressha ni kitto ma ni au deshou. I am sure that we will be in time for the
10:00 train.
Noun-deshou,
adjectives-deshou
Deshou, can also be
attached to nouns and adjectives.
N deshou
Adj i deshou
Adj na deshou
Tanaka san
ga tsugi no shachou deshou. I think Mr Tanaka will be the next company president.
Sore wa
tabun machigai deshou. I am afraid that it is probably a mistake.
Chikatetsu
no hou ga basu yori hayai deshou. I think the subway is faster than the bus.
Shinkansen
ga ichiban benri deshou. I think the shinkansen is the most
convenient.
Section 9: v3-koto ga deki masu
Koto is a
general term meaning a thing, a matter, an affair, a fact, an incident, a set
of circumstances, etc. Deki masu
(root form: dekiru) means “to be
able to do” Therefore v3 koto ga deki
masu is, as a whole, equivalent to “can + verb” in English. Refer to
Chapter Potential mode which has the same function.
Watashi wa
nihongo o hanasu koto ga I can speak Japanese.
deki masu.
Watashi wa
kanji o yomu koto ga deki masu. I can read kanji.
Anata wa
jibun no namae o katakana de Can you write your name in katakana?
kaku koto ga
deki masu ka.
Uchi kara
Fuji san o miru koto ga deki masu. We can see Mt Fuji from our house.
Watashi wa
jidousha o unten suru koto ga I cannot drive a car.
dekimasen.
Section 10: v3-koto ga ari masu
Koto, as
described in the previous section, means a matter, a fact, or a set of
circumstances. Arimasu means “there
is”. Therefore, v3-koto ga arimasu
means “there are situations in which he or she does something,” or “there are
situations when something happens”.
Kare wa
gakkou ni chikoku suru koto ga He sometimes comes late for school.
arimasu.
Watashi wa
tamani eiga o miru koto ga I watch movies once in a while.
arimasu.
Kono tokei
wa tomaru koto ga arimasu. This clock sometimes stops.
Toukyou de
michi ni mayou koto ga I sometimes get lost in Tokyo.
arimasu.
Toukyou de
wa shigatsu ni yuki no furu In Tokyo it sometimes snows in April.
koto ga
arimasu.
Itou san ni
au koto ga arimasu ka. Do you occasionally meet Mr Ito.
Section 11: v3-koto ni shi mashita
Koto means, as
described in Section 9, a thing, a matter or a fact. Shimashita is the past tense of shimasu (root form: suru
meaning “to do” or “to make”). Therefore v3
koto ni shi mashita means “I have made up my mind to do something” or “I
have decided to do something.”
Nihon e iku
koto ni shimashita. I have decided to go to Japan.
Toukyou ni
sumu koto ni shimashita. I have decided to live in Tokyo.
Tabako o
yameru koto ni shimashita. I have decided to quit smoking.
Shinsha o
kau koto ni shimashita. I have decided to buy a new car.
Isshuu kan
kyuuka o toru koto ni shimashita. I have decided to take a vacation for a
week.
Getsuyou
kara kinyou made nihongo o I have decided to take Japanese lessons Monday through
Friday.
narau koto
ni shimashita.
Kanojo o
wasureru koto ni shimashita. I have decided to forget about her.
Section 12: v3-koto ni nari mashita
Koto, as
described in Section 9, means a thing, a matter or a set of circumstances. Narimashita is the past tense of narimasu, and its root form, naru, means “to become.” Therefore v3-koto ni Narimashita means “things
have become so that he or she does something,” or “circumstances have turned
out to be as such that he or she does something.”
Satou san wa
kaisha o yameru koto ni As it turns out, Mr Sato is going to quit
the company.
narimashita.
Tsugi no
kaigi wa kyouto de hiraku ni The
result is that we will hold the next meeting in Kyoto.
narimashita.
Shin seihin
wa go gatsu tou ka ni happyou It has been decided that we will announce
the new product on May 10.
suru koto ni
narimashita.
Haha wa asu nyuuin
suru koto ni It has been decided that my mother will enter the hospital tomorrow.
narimashita.
Tanaka san
wa Oosaka shiten ni tenkin It has been decided that Mr Tanaka will be transferred
to the
suru koto ni
narimashita. Osaka branch.
Section 13: v3-kamo shiremasen
Kamo, means
“whether or not,” and shiremasen is
the negative form of shiremasu,
whose root form shireru means “to
become known.” Therefore kamo shiremasen
means “whether or not is not known,” and it is, as a whole, equivalent to the
English word “may.”
Kare wa kuru
kamo shiremasen. He may come.
Kanojo wa ie
ni iru kamo shiremasen. She may be home.
Ame ga furu
kamo shiremasen. It may rain.
Kare wa sou
iu kamo shiremasen. He may say so.
Kono kikai
wa yoku ureru kamo shiremasen. This machine may sell well.
(Noun),
(Adjective)-kamo-shiremasen
The kamo
shiremasen structure can also be attached to nouns and adjectives with the
forms shown below.
Noun-kamo shiremasen
Adj-i-kamo shiremasen
Adj-na-kamo shiremasen
Inshu ga
genin kamo shiremasen. Drinking may be the cause.
Sore ga
seikai kamo shiremasen. That might be the right answer.
Asu wa samui
kamo shiremasen. It may be cold tomorrow.
Sono
shousetsu wa omoshiroi kamo The novel may be interesting.
shiremasen.
Kanojo wa
ongaku ga suki kamo shiremasen. She may be fond of music.
Sono shigoto
wa raku kamo shiremasen. The
job may be easy.
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